does smoking decrease glutathione and liver diseases: an updated review of pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic implications does smoking affect glutathione What

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Liver diseases, particularly cirrhosis, suppress CYP activity due to parenchymal changes, reduced blood flow, and loss of functional hepatocytes, leading to impaired drug metabolism and detoxification ( Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) alters CYP activities in an isoform-dependent manner: CYP2C19, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 activities are reduced by 1.52-fold, whereas other isoforms may be unaffected or slightly increased ( The brain also expresses resident CYP enzymes at the tissue level, the blood-brain barrier, and the cerebrospinal fluid barrier, with roles in xenobiotic metabolism, homeostasis, and disease modulation ( 5.5 Combined exposures: internal factors can interact with each other The interconnectedness in the internal exposomic factors is not yet posited

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10.3390/ijms25094809 20 CasoV.TurcG.Abdul-RahimA