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Conversely, when mitochondrial function is impaired, cells increase glycolytic flux or activate autophagy to recycle nutrients

Conversely, in cells where NADPH-consuming reactions are active (e.g., fatty acid synthesis, antioxidant defense), the cytosolic concentration of NADPH decreases, while NADP + increases

Furthermore, it has been suggested that this effect is mediated by the anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (ANXA1), which contributes to reduced barrier permeability by promoting the formation of tight junctions and enhancing the integrity of endothelial cells [39]

Therapeutic potential of PKC inhibitors in painful diabetic neuropathy