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However, a detailed analysis will focus on the impact of individual viral proteins on metabolism, assuming that LongCovid-19 syndrome is generated by an active chronic viral infection and interference of viral proteins with host metabolism, as is the case with other viruses that enter a state of chronic active infection, such as EBV ( 2.1 COVID-19 activates multiple autoimmune diseases Autoimmunity appears to be a important component of the symptoms associated with LCS, as evidenced by the presence of various autoantibodies in a significant proportion of patients with both LCS and COVD-19 [29,30]

Huchthausen J, Escher BI, Grasse N, Knig M, Beil S, Henneberger L (2023) Reactivity of acrylamides causes cytotoxicity and activates oxidative stress response

Whereafter, the monocytes and macrophages were activated and recruited, resulting in further inflammatory cascade response, ultimately leading to renal injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (Chen et al., 2022)

Etomoxir and HY-100965 were obtained from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA)