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Cosmetic & Research Uses

Abbreviations CT: Combined treatment SS: Single surgery JOA: Japanese Orthopaedic Association LDH: Lumbar disc herniation MIS-TILF: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ODI: Oswestry Disability Index PEID: Percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy VAS: Visual Analog Scale VB12: Vitamin B12 RCT: Randomized controlled trial POD: Postoperative day TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor alpha IL: Interleukin PGE2: Prostaglandin E 2 CI: Confidence interval References Han J, Tang W, Li G, Ji X, Wu X, Zhu K, et al

This major surgery is considered when other treatments are ineffective or not possible

Record the amount and flush the fluid down the toilet