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This systematic review ultimately included 19 studies, consisting of 14 RCTs, 2 usability studies, and 3 experimental studies (Figure 1, Table 1, Supplementary Table 1) (Haddaway et al., 2022)

Meta-analyses show that mid-life depression is consistently associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers in blood, including C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1), and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), particularly during depressive episodes [264, 265]

I think he took his experience of that and let it filter into his thoughts on fasting in general because he was pretty down on fasting for quite a while

However, DAO levels are affected by factors such as diet [86], alcohol consumption [87], sex [88], menstrual cycle [89] and pregnancy status [90] which challenge its reliability as a biomarker [91]