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Hepatocytes, the predominant parenchymal cells, are primarily responsible for the livers metabolic, detoxifying and synthetic activities, including alcohol metabolism.6 However, non-parenchymal cells, such as HSCs, Kupffer cells (KCs), infiltrating macrophages, neutrophils and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), are equally vital in maintaining liver homeostasis and orchestrating its response to alcohol-induced damage.7 The intricate crosstalk between these parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells is key to understanding the progression of ALD (figure 1)

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BidwellLCKarolyHCThayerREClausEDBryanADWeilandBJet alDRD2 promoter methylation and measures of alcohol reward: Functional activation of reward circuits and clinical severity

10.1084/jem.20130315 J