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Change history 03 July 2026 A Correction to this paper has been published: Abbreviations ACS: acute coronary syndrome AF: arterial fibrillation AMI: acute myocardial infarction BMI: body mass index CABG: coronary artery bypass graft CAC: coronary artery calcium CAD: coronary artery disease CCTA: coronary computed tomography angiography CFR: coronary flow reserve CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness CK: MB-creatine kinase CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy CSX: cardiac syndrome X CVD: cardiovascular disease DNA: de-oxyribo nucleic acid FLI: fatty liver index GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase GSH: glutathione Hcy: homocysteine HDL: c-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol HF: heart failure HR: hazard ratio HsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein HTN: hypertension IDC: idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy IS: ischemic stroke LDL: c-low density lipoprotein cholesterol LV: left ventricular MACE: major cardiovascular events MDA: malondialdehyde MetS: metabolic syndrome MI: myocardial infarction NAFLD: non-alcoholic liver disease NSTE: ACS-Non-ST elevation acute heart NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction OR: odds ratio OxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoproteins POAF: postoperative atrial fibrillation RNA: ribonucleic acid ROS: reactive oxygen species STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction TAC: total antioxidant capacity T: Bill-total bilirubin UA: unstable angina EFV: epicardial fat volume References Gaziano TA, Reddy KS, Paccaud F, Horton S, Chaturvedi V