Common neurological manifestations include: Paraesthesia (pins and needles) in the hands and feet Numbness and altered sensation Difficulty with balance and coordination (ataxia) Memory problems and cognitive impairment Mood changes, including depression and irritability In severe cases, visual disturbances and confusion These neurological features arise from demyelination of peripheral nerves and the spinal cord, a condition known as subacute combined degeneration when it affects the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1390013 Received 22 February 2024 Accepted 22 July 2024 Published 02 August 2024 Volume 15 - 2024 Edited by Katja Teerds, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands Reviewed by Wen-Xiang Liu, Inner Mongolia University, China Avi Lerner, Imperial College London, United Kingdom Updates Copyright 2024 Wang, Zhang, Ma, Xu, Zhao, Zhang, Li, Zhou and Zheng
These metabolites, particularly bacterial metabolites, play an important role in microbiotahost interactions and influence the immune system and the BM microenvironment
For a long time, calcitriol or alfacalcidol was the preferred therapy in uremic patients with high to very high plasma intact PTH values and normal to moderately elevated plasma calcium levels, when plasma phosphate did not exceed recommended levels, namely 1.5 mmol/L for CKD stages 3-4 and 1.8 mmol/L for CKD stage 5, according to the K/DOQI guidelines of 2003 (275)
