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PMCID: PMC11256395

To understand tobacco harm reduction, it is key to understand what makes cigarettes dangerous

(The District of Columbia has the highest tax at $4.50).6-8 All other tobacco products are taxed at 10% of the manufacturers invoice price.6,7 Clean indoor air ordinances Smoking is prohibited in schools (public schools only) and childcare facilities.7 Smoking restrictions are required in government workplaces, private workplaces, restaurants, retail stores and recreational/cultural facilities.7 There are no smoking restrictions for bars and casinos/gaming establishments.7 Vaping is restricted to designated areas of public buildings and grounds occupied by state agencies.9 Licensing laws Wholesalers are required to obtain a license to sell tobacco products

By the end of the study, participants who switched to e-cigarettes exhibited significantly lower levels of the potent pulmonary carcinogen NNAL compared to those who continued to smoke combustible cigarettes exclusively